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PSAT PSAT-Reading 問題集

PSAT-Reading

試験コード:PSAT-Reading

試験名称:Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test - Reading

最近更新時間:2024-04-30

問題と解答:全258問

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質問 1:
Jane Goodall was at first a (n) __________ in her field, but since then she has received many accolades
for her work.
A. luminary
B. charlatan
C. acolyte
D. miser
E. maverick
正解:E
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 2:
By the end of the campaign both candidates had resorted to __________ the other.
A. swindling
B. mollifying
C. commending
D. conceding
E. denigrating
正解:E
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 3:
Although often confused with each other, global warming and ozone depletion are two separate problems
threatening Earth's ecosystem today. Global warming is caused by the build-up of heat-trapping gases in
the atmosphere. It was dubbed the "greenhouse effect" because it is similar to a greenhouse in that the
sun's rays are allowed into the greenhouse but the heat from these rays in unable to escape. Ozone
depletion, however, is the destruction of the ozone layer. Chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons and
methyl bromide react with ozone, leaving a "hole" in the ozone layer that lets dangerous UV rays through.
Both are serious threats to life on Earth. While the greenhouse effect maintains the appropriate
temperature for life on Earth, problems are exacerbated when the quantity of greenhouse gases in the
Earth's atmosphere increases drastically. When this occurs, the amount of heat energy that is insulated
within the Earth's atmosphere increases correspondingly and results in a rise in global temperature.
An increase of a mere few degrees Celsius does not appear very threatening. However, numbers can be
deceiving. When you consider that the Ice Age resulted from temperatures only slightly cooler than those
today, it is obvious that even very subtle temperature changes can significantly impact global climate.
Global warming threatens to desecrate the natural habitats of organisms on Earth and disturb the stability
of our ecosystem. The climate changes that would result from global warming could trigger droughts, heat
waves, floods, and other extreme weather events.
Like most other environmental problems, humans are the cause of global warming. The burning of fossil
fuels is largely responsible for the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Every time someone drives a car or powers their home with energy derived from power plants that use
coal, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. The atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide
and methane have risen meteorically since preindustrial times, mainly due to the contributions of factories,
cars, and large-scale agriculture. Even if we immediately stopped emitting greenhouse gases, we would
continue to see the effects of global warming for decades because of the damage we have already
inflicted.
Despite the pessimistic outlook, there are things that can be done to reduce global warming. Although the
problem may seem overwhelming, individuals can make a positive difference in combating global
warming. Simple things like driving less, using public transportation, and conserving electricity generated
by combustion of fossil fuels can help reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. It is important to realize
that it is not too late to make a difference.
If everyone does what they can to reduce their contributions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, the
efforts of people around the world will act in concert to thwart the progression of global warming. If the
effort is not made immediately, the delicate global ecosystem could be thrown irreversibly out of balance,
and the future of life on Earth may be jeopardized.
The "greenhouse effect" is
A. global warming
B. a chemical that is harming Earth
C. another term for the Ice Age
D. a type of gas
E. ozone depletion
正解:A
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 4:
I am __ about the job; although the atmosphere is pleasant, the work is boring.
A. reticent
B. ambivalent
C. timorous
D. laconic
E. exultant
正解:B
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 5:
The kangaroo species __________ in the new environment where there was an abundant supply of food and a(n) __________ of predators.
A. exploded. .abundance
B. stagnated. .excess
C. bolstered. .paucity
D. flagged. .absence
E. flourished. .dearth
正解:E

質問 6:
Alston was impressed by the philosopher's lecture, but Mario thought the lecture was better characterized
as __________ than as erudite.
A. fictitious
B. specious
C. translucent
D. impeccable
E. recondite
正解:B
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 7:
Not desirous of meeting his Maker in the middle of a poker game, Doc Holiday ______ placed an ace
inside his vest as Bat Masterson shuffled the remaining cards.
A. coyly
B. overtly
C. furtively
D. brazenly
E. suspiciously
正解:C
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 8:
Here my friend, about whose madness I now saw, or fancied that I saw, certain indications of method,
removed the peg which marked the spot where the beetle fell, to a spot about three inches to the
westward of its former position. Taking, now, the tape measure from the nearest point of the trunk to the
peg, as before, and continuing the extension in a straight line to the distance of fifty feet, a spot was
indicated, removed, by several yards, from the point at which we had been digging.
Around the new position a circle, somewhat larger than in the former instance, was now described, and
we again set to work with the spades. I was dreadfully weary, but, scarcely understanding what had
occasioned the change in my thoughts, I felt no longer any great aversion from the labor imposed. I had
become most unaccountably interested--nay, even excited. Perhaps there was something, amid all the
extravagant demeanor of Legrand--some air of forethought, or of deliberation, which impressed me. I dug
eagerly, and now and then caught myself actually looking, with something that very much resembled
expectation, for the fancied treasure, the vision of which had demented my unfortunate companion. At a
period when such vagaries of thought most fully possessed me, and when we had been at work perhaps
an hour and a half, we were again interrupted by the violent howlings of the dog. His uneasiness, in the
first instance, had been, evidently, but the result of playfulness or caprice, but he now assumed a bitter
and serious tone. Upon Jupiter's again attempting to muzzle him, he made furious resistance, and,
leaping into the hole, tore up the mould frantically with his claws. In a few seconds he had uncovered a
mass of human bones, forming two complete skeletons, intermingled with several buttons of metal, and
what appeared to be the dust of decayed woolen. One or two strokes of a spade upturned the blade of a
large Spanish knife, and, as we dug farther, three or four loose pieces of gold and silver coin came to light.
At sight of these the joy of Jupiter could scarcely be restrained, but the countenance of his master wore an
air of extreme disappointment he urged us, however, to continue our exertions, and the words were hardly
uttered when I stumbled and fell forward, having caught the toe of my boot in a large ring of iron that lay
half buried in the loose earth.
We now worked in earnest, and never did I pass ten minutes of more intense excitement. During his
interval we had fairly unearthed an oblong chest of wood, which, from its perfect preservation and
wonderful hardness, had plainly been subjected to some mineralizing process--perhaps that of the
Bi-chloride of Mercury. This box was three feet and a half long, three feet broad, and two and a half feet
deep. It was firmly secured by bands of wrought iron, riveted, and forming a kind of open trelliswork over
the whole. On each side of the chest, near the top, were three rings of iron--six in all--by means of which a
firm hold could be obtained by six persons. Our utmost united endeavors served only to disturb the coffer
very slightly in its bed. We at once saw the impossibility of removing so great a weight. Luckily, the sole
fastenings of the lid consisted of two sliding bolts. These we drew back trembling and panting with anxiety.
In an instant, a treasure of incalculable value lay gleaming before us. As the rays of the lanterns fell within
the pit, there flashed upwards a glow and a glare, from a confused heap of gold and of jewels, that
absolutely dazzled our eyes.
I shall not pretend to describe the feelings with which I gazed. Amazement was, of course, predominant.
Legrand appeared exhausted with excitement, and spoke very few words. Jupiter's countenance wore, for
some minutes, as deadly a pallor as it is possible, in nature of things, for any negro's visage to assume.
He seemed stupefied thunderstricken. Presently he fell upon his knees in the pit, and, burying his naked
arms up to the elbows in gold, let them there remain, as if enjoying the luxury of a bath.
It became necessary, at last, that I should arouse both master and valet to the expediency of removing the
treasure. It was growing late, and it behooved us to make exertion, that we might get every thing housed
before daylight. It was difficult to say what should be done, and much time was spent in deliberation--so
confused were the ideas of all. We, finally, lightened the box by removing two thirds of its contents, when
we were enabled, with some trouble, to raise it from the hole. The articles taken out were deposited
among the brambles, and the dog left to guard them, with strict orders from Jupiter neither, upon any
pretence, to stir from the spot, nor to open his mouth until our return.
Presuming the author ascribed an alternative meaning to "confused" other than jumbled, which selection
best identifies the literary device used with "confused" 4th paragraph?
A. personification
B. alliteration
C. allusion
D. onomatopoeia
E. assonance
正解:A
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

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PSAT Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test - Reading 認定 PSAT-Reading 試験問題:

1. Although little-known today in the United States, Clark Saunders (18591941) cast a large shadow in the
first several decades of the twentieth century, writing many widely read books on Native American,
Spanish, and Anglo folklore. He also wrote extensively on the different cultures of California, the Sierras,
and the Southwest. He was a major and influential contributor to Sunset Magazine in its early years. In his
day, Saunders was important for introducing much of the American public to a person-sized
understanding of the "Old West."
The passage presents Saunders as a(n)

A) the first editor of Sunset Magazine.
B) a specialist of Native American studies.
C) influential contemporary western writer.
D) important historian of the West.
E) widely read author in his own day.


2. The proposal to forbid the use of indoor furniture on front porches has divided the town along __ lines: the
affluent feel the old couches are eyesores, while those who cannot afford new outdoor furniture are __
about what they feel is an attempt to restrict their lifestyle.

A) socioeconomic . . incensed
B) aesthetic . . dismayed
C) racial . . angry
D) political . . nonplussed
E) class . . pleased


3. He was a un-common small man, he really was. Certainly not so small as he was made out to be, but
where IS your Dwarf as is? He was a most uncommon small man, with a most uncommon large Ed; and
what he had inside that Ed, nobody ever knowed but himself: even supposin himself to have ever took
stock of it, which it would have been a stiff job for even him to do.
The kindest little man as never growed! Spirited, but not proud. When he travelled with the Spotted Baby
though he knowed himself to be a nat'ral Dwarf, and knowed the Baby's spots to be put upon him artificial,
he nursed that Baby like a mother. You never heerd him give a ill-name to a Giant. He DID allow himself
to break out into strong language respectin the Fat Lady from Norfolk; but that was an affair of the 'art; and
when a man's 'art has been trifled with by a lady, and the preference giv to a Indian, he ain't master of his
actions. He was always in love, of course; every human nat'ral phenomenon is. And he was always in love
with a large woman; I never knowed the Dwarf as could be got to love a small one. Which helps to keep
'em the Curiosities they are.
One sing'ler idea he had in that Ed of his, which must have meant something, or it wouldn't have been
there. It was always his opinion that he was entitled to property. He never would put his name to anything.
He had been taught to write, by the young man without arms, who got his living with his toes (quite a
writing master HE was, and taught scores in the line), but Chops would have starved to death, afore he'd
have gained a bit of bread by putting his hand to a paper. This is the more curious to bear in mind,
because HE had no property, nor hope of property, except his house and a sarser. When I say his house,
I mean the box, painted and got up outside like a reg'lar six-roomer, that he used to creep into, with a
diamond ring (or quite as good to look at) on his forefinger, and ring a little bell out of what the Public
believed to be the Drawing-room winder. And when I say a sarser, I mean a Chaney sarser in which he
made a collection for himself at the end of every Entertainment. His cue for that, he took from me: "Ladies
and gentlemen, the little man will now walk three times round the Cairawan, and retire behind the curtain."
When he said anything important, in private life, he mostly wound it up with this form of words, and they
was generally the last thing he said to me at night afore he went to bed.
He had what I consider a fine mind--a poetic mind. His ideas respectin his property never come upon him
so strong as when he sat upon a barrel-organ and had the handle turned. Arter the wibration had run
through him a little time, he would screech out, "Toby, I feel my property coming--grind away! I'm counting
my guineas by thousands, Toby--grind away! Toby, I shall be a man of fortun! I feel the Mint a jingling in
me, Toby, and I'm swelling out into the Bank of England!" Such is the influence of music on a poetic mind.
Not that he was partial to any other music but a barrel-organ; on the contrary, hated it.
He had a kind of a everlasting grudge agin the Public: which is a thing you may notice in many
phenomenons that get their living out of it. What riled him most in the nater of his occupation was, that it
kep him out of Society. He was continiwally saying, "Toby, my ambition is, to go into Society. The curse of
my position towards the Public is, that it keeps me hout of Society. This don't signify to a low beast of a
Indian; he an't formed for Society. This don't signify to a Spotted Baby; HE an't formed for Society. I am."
What is the likely connection with property and belonging to society from the Dwarf's perspective?

A) Gaining enough wealth allows one to acquire property and property establishes one as a member of
society.
B) Owning property establishes a certain independence and freedoms not enjoyed by a phenomenon.
C) The diamond ring or look alike exemplifies the property noted which is but a beginning to becoming a
member of society.
D) Joining society is predicated upon owning or being able to acquire property and earnings derived from
a phenomenon performer will provide that opportunity shortly.
E) Belonging to society provides one the opportunity to acquire property.


4. Sir Giles's irritating reserve, not even excused by a word of apology, reached the limits of his endurance.
He respectfully protested. "I regret to find, sir," he said, "that I have lost my place in my employer's
estimation. The man to whom you confide the superintendence of your clerks and the transaction of your
business has, I venture to think, some claim (under the present circumstances) to be trusted." The banker
was now offended on his side. "I readily admit your claim," he answered, "when you are sitting at your
desk in my office. But, even in these days of strikes, co-operations, and bank holidays, an employer has
one privilege left--he has not ceased to be a Man, and he has not forfeited a man's right to keep his own
secrets. I fail to see anything in my conduct which has given you just reason to complain." Dennis,
rebuked, made his bow in silence, and withdrew.
Did these acts of humility mean that he submitted? They meant exactly the contrary. He had made up his
mind that Sir Giles Mountjoy's motives should, sooner or later, cease to be mysteries to Sir Giles
Mountjoy's clerk.
In context, the word "rebuked" is best represented by

A) courteously disagreed.
B) genuinely dissuaded.
C) sharply reprimanded.
D) cautiously opposed.
E) promptly challenged.


5. In conclusion, it seized first the corpse of the daughter, and thrust it up the chimney, as it was found; then
that of the old lady, which it immediately hurled through the window headlong. As the ape approached the
casement with its mutilated burden, the sailor shrank aghast to the rod, and, rather gliding than
clambering down it, hurried at once home--dreading the consequences of the butchery, and gladly
abandoning, in his terror, all solicitude about the fate of the Ourang-Outang. The words heard by the party
upon the staircase were the Frenchman's exclamations of horror and affright, commingled with the
fiendish jabberings of the brute.
I have scarcely anything to add. The Ourang-Outang must have escaped from the chamber, by the rod,
just before the break of the door. It must have closed the window as it passed through it. It was
subsequently caught by the owner himself, who obtained for it a very large sum at the Jardin des Plantes.
Le Don was instantly released, upon our narration of the circumstances (with some comments from Dupin)
at the bureau of the Prefect of Police. This functionary, however well disposed to my friend, could not
altogether conceal his chagrin at the turn which affairs had taken, and was fain to indulge in a sarcasm or
two, about the propriety of every person minding his own business.
Which selection best describes the action referred to by "break of the door" 2nd paragraph?

A) The Ourang-Outang broke the door to gain entry.
B) The party entered through the door broken by the brute.
C) The door was broken into by using a rod.
D) The party broke down the door.
E) The sailor broke into the chamber allowing the Ourang-Outang to follow.


質問と回答:

質問 # 1
正解: E
質問 # 2
正解: A
質問 # 3
正解: A
質問 # 4
正解: C
質問 # 5
正解: D

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