SCP SC0-502 問題集

質問 1：
The network has been receiving quite a lot of inbound traffic, and although you have been given instructions to keep the network open, you want to know what is going on. You have decided to implement an Intrusion Detection System. You bring this up at the next meeting.
"After looking at our current network security, and the network traffic we are dealing with, I recommend that we implement an Intrusion Detection System," you begin.
"We don't have any more budget for security equipment, it will have to wait until next year." This is the reply from the CEO that you were anticipating.
"I realize that the budget is tight, but this is an important part of setting up security." You continue, "If I cannot properly identify all the network traffic, and have a system in place to respond to it, we might not know about an incident until after our information is found for sale on the open market." As expected, your last comment got the group thinking.
"What about false alarms?" asks the VP of sales, "I hear those things are always going off, and just end up wasting everyone" time."
"Tha's a fair concern, but it is my concern. When we implement the system, I will fine tune it and adjust it until the alarms it generates are appropriate, and are generated when there is legitimately something to be concerned about. We are concerned with traffic that would indicate an attack; only then will the system send me an alert."
For a few minutes there was talk back and forth in the room, and then the CEO responds again to your inquiry, "I agree that this type of thing could be helpful. But, we simply don have any more budget for it. Since it is a good idea, go ahead and find a way to implement this, but don't spend any money on it."
With this information, and your knowledge of MegaCorp, choose the answer that will provide the best solution for the IDS needs of MegaCorp:}
A. You install Snort on a dedicated machine just outside the router. The machine is designed to send alerts to you when appropriate. You implement the following rule set:
Alert udp any any -> 10.10.0.0\16 (msg: "O\S Fingerprint Detected"; flags: S12;) Alert tcp any any -> 10.10.0.0\16 (msg: "Syn\Fin Scan Detected"; flags: SF;) Alert tcp any any -> 10.10.0.0\16 (msg: "Null Scan Detected"; flags: 0;) Log tcp any any -> 10.10.0.0\16 any
You then install Snort on the web and ftp server, also with this system designed to send you alerts when appropriate. You implement the built-in scan.rules ruleset on the server.
B. You install two computers to run your IDS. One will be a dedicated machine that is on the outside of the router, and the second will be on the inside of the router. You configure the machine on the outside of the router to run Snort, and you combine the default rules of several of the built-in rule sets. You combine the ddos.rules, dos.rules, exploit.rules, icmp.rules, and scan.rules.
On the system that is inside the router, running Snort, you also combine several of the built-in rule sets. You combine the scan.rules, web-cgi.rules, ftp.rules, web-misc.rules, and web-iis.rules. You configure the alerts on the two systems to send you email messages when events are identified. After you implement the two systems, you run some external scans and tests using vulnerability checkers and exploit testing software. You modify your rules based on your tests.
C. You install Snort on a dedicated machine just inside the router. The machine is designed to send alerts to you when appropriate. You do have some concern that the system will have too many rules to operate efficiently. To address this, you decide to pull the critical rules out of the built-in rule sets, and create one simple rule set that is short and will cover all of the serious incidents that the network might experience.
alert udp any 19 <> $HOME_NET 7 (msg:"DOS UDP Bomb"; classtype:attempted-dos; sid:271;
rev:1;)
alert udp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"DOS Teardrop attack"; id:242;
fragbits:M;
classtype:attempted-dos; sid:270; rev:1;) alert icmp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"DDOS TFN Probe"; id: 678; itype: 8; content: "1234";
classtype:attempted-recon; sid:221; rev:1;) alert icmp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"ICMP PING NMAP"; dsize: 0; itype: 8;
classtype:attempted-recon; sid:469; rev:1;) alert tcp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"SCAN XMAS";flags:SRAFPU; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:625; rev:1;) alert tcp $HOME_NET 31337 -> $EXTERNAL_NET 80 (msg:"SCAN synscan microsoft"; id: 39426; flags: SF; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:633; rev:1;)
D. You configure a new dedicated machine just outside the router and install Snort on that machine. The machine logs all intrusions locally, and you will connect to the machine remotely once each morning to pull the log files to your local machine for analysis.
You run snort with the following command: Snort ev \snort\log snort.conf and using the following rule base:
Alert tcp any any <> any 80 Alert tcp any any <> 10.10.0.0\16 any (content: "Password"; msg:"Password transfer Possible";) Log tcp any any <- 10.10.0.0\16 23 Log tcp any any <> 10.10.0.0\16 1:1024
E. You install your IDS on a dedicated machine just inside the router. The machine is designed to send alerts to you when appropriate. You begin the install by performing a new install of Windows on a clean hard drive.
You install ISS Internet Scanner and ISS System Scanner on the new system. System Scanner is configured to do full backdoor testing, full baseline testing, and full password testing. Internet Scanner is configured with a custom policy you made to scan for all vulnerabilities. You configure both scanners to generate automatic weekly reports and to send you alerts when an incident of note takes place on the network.
正解：B

質問 2：
Although you feel that you have taken solid steps in the security of MegaCorp, you would like to have some more analysis and documentation of the state of the network, and the systems in place protecting MegaCorp resources.
The CEO wants to know what MegaCorp should be spending on securing these resources, and wants justification for the numbers that you provide. You inform the group that you will be able to provide them with a Risk Analysis on the defined resources, and you also suggest that MegaCorp perform a full business Risk Analysis, and that they make it part of their policy to perform ongoing analysis.
During the first meeting after the agreement on analysis, a sales manager tells you the following; "We are rolling out a new online sales component to our organization. It will be up to you to design the system for this, but we anticipate it being up and running next month and are looking to have initial revenues of around $1,000 per day through that component."
"All right," you respond "If the initial revenues are going to be around $1,000 per day, what are you projecting will be the daily revenue through this in 6 and 12 months?"
The CEO answers this question, "Our projections are to have an average of about $2,000 per day in six months and $3,000 per day within a year."
"And, what is this system going to be responsible for? By that I mean, is this just an order taking machine, is it tied into inventory, is it tied into shipping, and so on?" you ask.
"Right now, and as far as the current plan goes, this is an order taking system. It will not be tied into any of our other systems."
"Are we going to get a new Internet connection for this server, or is it going to run off the current connection we have? I recommend a new connection, but am curious to know if that has been considered."
"I think we can stick with our current connection for the time being. If it seems like there is a need in the future for the expenses of a new connection, we can discuss it then. Anything else?"
"Not right now, as issues come up I will talk to you about them." The rest of the meeting does not require your attendance, so you head back to your office.
Based on your knowledge of the MegaCorp environment, select the solution that best allow you to justify the expense of protecting the new server.}
A. With only this one single system to analyze, you decide that a Quantitative Risk Analysis is appropriate. You identify three major threats: Power Outage, Administrator-level system compromise, and Denial of Service attacks. You assign the power outage a low likelihood, the administrative compromise a medium likelihood, and the DoS a high likelihood.
You assign the power outage a high level of damage, you assign the administrative compromise a high level of damage, and you assign the DoS a low level of damage. Since the likelihood of the power outage is low, you do not recommend spending any new money on this in your report to the CEO. Since the level of damage is so high due to the administrative compromise, you recommend new security systems to protect against that threat. You recommend that the systems in place to mitigate the threat of the administrative compromise also be capable of addressing the DoS threat.
B. You decide to perform a Quantitative Risk Analysis on the server. You meet with the sales director to find out that the server will only hold a copy of the catalog. You estimate that since the system will be directly connected with a public IP Address, and since it will hold customer data that it is a likely target for attack.
You know that you have solid security systems in place, but you think there will be a legitimate attack to compromise this server at least once per month. Based on this information you decide that the ARO is 12, and the SLE will be one day of operation plus one day to restore the system, therefore $6,000. With an ARO of 12, and with a SLE of $6,000 you determine that the ALE for the system is $72,000.
You report to the CEO that although the current security systems in place are solid, this server requires security of it own. You identify the $72,000 that could be lost every year due to attacks, and request resources to properly protect the server.
C. You decide to follow the Facilitated Risk Analysis Process (FRAP) for the server. You sit down in your office by yourself, and you list out the vulnerabilities that might exist for the server. You then categorize those vulnerabilities into High, Medium, and Low.
Taking each individual vulnerability that you discovered, you further detail that listing the degree of impact that vulnerability could have, again categorizing them as High, medium, and Low.
When you are done, you have a list that shows five vulnerabilities, only one of them High, and that is attempted system compromise. You have identified this vulnerability to have a Low impact, since it will only contain the MegaCorp catalog and no other critical services.
You report back to the CEO that the current systems in place are adequate, and your only suggestion is to possibly increase the power backup to a larger model for the server.
D. You decide to perform a Qualitative Risk Analysis on the new server. You organize a short meeting with the sales director to get a better idea of what will be stored on the system. You know the projected sales volumes, and you find out that on the system will be nothing more than a catalog, where people can order MegaCorp products.
Since there is nothing of value stored on the server, you decide that the Level of Damage that would happen if this system is compromised is low and that the Likelihood of an Attack to gain access is low. Since the company needs the system for sales, you decide that the threat of a power loss is significant.
Your report back to the CEO is that the current security systems in place are adequate for the new system, that it will be protected by the firewall and IDS. You do request to increase the resources for power equipment, specifically a large battery backup for the server.
E. Since this is the only system that you are requested to analyze, and the CEO is looking for numbers, you decide to run a fast Qualitative Risk Analysis. You know that the server is going to generate $6,000 per month, and you think there will most likely be an attack on the server at least twice a month. This means that for this server, you have an SLE of $6,000 and an ALE of 24. With an SLE of $6,000, and with an ALE of 24, you determine that the SRO for the system is $144,000.
You report to the CEO that there is a risk of $144,000 to this server every year, and you recommend that for the first year that full risk amount be spent on mitigating the risk, so that in subsequent years you can report the risk has been reduced to zero.
正解：B

質問 3：
Blue thanks you for your plan and design and took it into consideration. You are then informed that Orange has gone ahead and made a new plan, which will incorporate some of your suggestions, but is going to build the network a bit differently. In Testbed and in each remote office there will be a single self-sufficient CA hierarchy, one that is designed to directly integrate with the existing network. Orange mentions that the hierarchy is only to go two-levels deep, you are not to make an extensive hierarchy in any location. This means a distinct CA hierarchy in six locations, inclusive of the Testbed headquarters.
Using this information, choose the solution that will provide for the proper rollout of the Certificate Authorities in the network.}
A. In each location, you recommend the following steps: 1.Harden a system to function as the Root CA 2.Harden a system to function as the Registration Authority 3.Configure CATool on the Root CA 4.Configure CATool on the Registration Authority, as a subordinate to the Root CA 5.Configure users for the CAs 6.Configure each Root CA to trust each other Root CA via cross certification 7.Test the CA hierarchy 8.Have the local administrative staff inform and train each user how to connect to the Registration Authority through their browser and request a certificate
B. In each location, you recommend the following steps: 1.Harden a system to function as the Root CA 2.Harden a system to function as the Registration Authority 3.Configure a Windows Enterprise Root CA 4.Configure each Enterprise Root CA to trust each other Enterprise Root CA via cross certification 5.Configure a Windows Enterprise Registration Authority, as a subordinate to the Enterprise Root CA 6.Once the Subordinate CA is active, take the Enterprise Root CA offline 7.Test the CA hierarchy7.Test the CA hierarchy 8.Have the local administrative staff inform and train each user how to connect to the Registration Authority through their browser and request a certificate
C. In each location, you recommend the following steps: 1.Harden a system to function as the Root CA 2.Harden a system to function as the Registration Authority 3.Configure CATool on the Root CA 4.Configure CATool on the Registration Authority, as a subordinate to the Root CA 5.Once the Subordinate CA is active, take the Root CA offline 6.Configure users for the CAs 7.Configure each Root CA to trust each other Root CA via cross certification 8.Test the CA hierarchy 9.Have the local administrative staff inform and train each user how to connect to the Registration Authority through their browser and request a certificate
D. In each location, you recommend the following steps: 1.Harden a system to function as the Root CA 2.Harden a system to function as a Registration Authority 3.Configure a Windows Enterprise Root CA 4.Configure each Enterprise Root CA to trust each other Enterprise Root CA via cross certification 5.Configure a Windows Stand-Alone Subordinate Enrollment Authority to function as the Registration Authority 6.Once the Stand-Alone Subordinate is installed, take the Enterprise Root CA offline 7.Test the CA hierarchy 8.Have the local administrative staff inform and train each user how to connect to the Registration Authority through their browser and request a certificate
E. In each location, you recommend the following steps: 1.Harden a system to function as the Root CA 2.Harden a system to function as the Registration Authority 3.Configure a Windows Enterprise Root CA 4.Configure each Enterprise Root CA to trust each other Enterprise Root CA via cross certification 5.Configure a Windows Registration Authority, as a subordinate to the Enterprise Root CA 6.Test the CA hierarchy 7.Have the local administrative staff inform and train each user how to connect to the Registration Authority through their browser and request a certificate
正解：E

質問 4：
For the past month, the employees in the executive building have been getting adjusted to their new authentication systems. There was a large spike in help desk calls the first week, which has gone down daily, and now there are fewer login related calls than there was when the office used passwords alone.
During your weekly meeting with Blue, the authentication subject is discussed, "So far, the system is working well. Our call volume has dropped, and it seems that most people are getting used to the tokens. There is one issue, however."
"Really, what's that?" you ask.
"It seems that the senior executives are not that keen on carrying the new tokens around with them. They are asking for a way to authenticate without carrying anything, but still have it be secure."
"All right, do we have a budget?"
"Yes, however there are not that many senior executives, so the cost isn the primary issue; although we do want to keep the costs down as much as possible."
"So, what limitations do I have?"
"Well you need to be sure it easy to use, is unintrusive, won't require too much training, won't be all that expensive, and provides for strong authentication." Blue tells you.
Based on this information, choose the best solution to the authentication problem for the senior executives on the fourth floor.}
A. You talk to two of the senior executives on the fourth floor and determine that these people are interested in a biometric solution, and that they have an interest in retinal authentication. They like the fact that they may be able to simply look at the computer and be authenticated.
Since they like this technology, you decide this is what you will implement. You configure each machine with the Panasonic Authenticam and authentication software. You then walk the executive through the process of enrollment, and have each person test his or her system.
With the software installed, the retinal scanner installed, and with the retinal authentication testing and functional, you uninstall the token software and retrieve their tokens. You verify that everything works, and you move on to the next person system.
B. You talk to three of the senior executives on the fourth floor and determine that they disliked the tokens therefore you will install a new authentication system. The people you talked to didn say they would have problems with smart cards, so you decide tonew authentication system. The people you talked to didn? say they would have problems with smart cards, so you decide to implement a smart card solution.
You configure each machine with a smart card reader and driver. You then create a local account for each user, and make that account use smart cards. You then assign a smart card to the account and load the user credentials on the card. You then walk the executive through the process of using the smart card, and have each person test his or her system.
With the software installed, the reader installed, and with the smart card authentication testing and functional, you uninstall the token software and retrieve their tokens. You verify that everything works, and you move on to the next person system.
C. You talk to some of the senior executives on the fourth floor and determine that many of these people are interested in a biometric solution, and that many of them have an interest in retinal authentication. They like the fact that they may be able to simply look at the computer and be authenticated.
Since they like this technology, you decide this is what you will implement. You configure each machine with the Panasonic Authenticam and authentication software. You then walk the executive through the process of enrollment, and have each person test his or her system.
With the software installed, the retinal scanner installed, and with the retinal authentication testing and functional, you uninstall the token software and retrieve their tokens. You verify that everything works, and you move on to the next person system.
D. You talk to several of the senior executives on the fourth floor and determine that many of these people are interested in a biometric solution, and that many of them have an interest in voice authentication. They like the fact that they may be able to simply speak to the computer and be authenticated.
Since they like this technology, you decide this is what you will implement. You configure each machine with the Anovea software for voice authentication, and configure a microphone at each workstation. You then walk the executive through the process of enrollment, and have each person test his or her system.
With the software installed, the microphone installed, and with the voice authentication testing and functional, you uninstall the token software and retrieve their tokens. You verify that everything works, and you move on to the next person system.
E. You talk to several of the senior executives on the fourth floor and determine that many of these people are interested in a biometric solution, and that many of them have an interest in fingerprint authentication. They like the fact that they may be able to simply touch something by the computer and be authenticated.
You begin the configuration by installing a BioLink USB mouse, driver, and authentication software. You walk each person through the process of enrollment, and how to best use the scanner, and have each person test his or her system.
With the software installed, the mouse and driver installed, and with the fingerprint authentication testing and functional, you uninstall the token software and retrieve their tokens. You verify that everything works, and you move on to the next person's system.
正解：E