American Society of Microbiology ABMM 問題集

質問 1：
Caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin belong to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents. Their primary mechanism of action involves the non-competitive inhibition of:
A. Fungal protein synthesis via ribosomal binding
B. Nucleic acid synthesis via thymidylate synthase
C. Ergosterol synthesis via lanosterol demethylase
D. Fungal cell wall synthesis via (1#3)-#-D-glucan synthase
正解：D

質問 2：
A research laboratory is investigating the development of a broadly protective vaccine against coronaviruses.
They are focusing on conserved epitopes in the spike (S) protein that are accessible to neutralizing antibodies across different beta-coronaviruses. Which region of the S protein is considered a promising target for such a vaccine?
A. The receptor-binding domain (RBD), which exhibits high sequence variability.
B. The S1 subunit, which is primarily responsible for host cell receptor binding.
C. The S2 subunit, which is more conserved and mediates membrane fusion.
D. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of the S protein.
正解：C

質問 3：
A sputum sample from a patient with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis is submitted for AFB smear and culture. The smear is reported as positive for acid-fast bacilli (4+). Which method is considered the gold standard for confirming the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from culture?
A. Niacin accumulation test
B. HPLC analysis of mycolic acids
C. Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) targeting specific MTC sequences
D. Growth rate and colony morphology on Löwenstein-Jensen media
正解：C

質問 4：
A clinical microbiology laboratory is performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing on a Streptococcus pneumoniae isolate using broth microdilution. The lowest concentration of antibiotic that inhibits visible growth of the organism is reported as the:
A. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)
B. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
C. Zone diameter
D. Breakpoint
正解：B

質問 5：
A clinical microbiology laboratory is monitoring the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The detection of a bacterial isolate with reduced susceptibility to multiple classes of antibiotics, often due to horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants, is characteristic of:
A. A naturally competent organism.
B. A multidrug-resistant (MDR) organism.
C. A pan-susceptible organism.
D. An intrinsically resistant organism.
正解：B

質問 6：
A patient develops a severe diarrheal illness after consuming raw seafood. Stool culture yields a Gram- negative, comma-shaped bacterium that is oxidase-positive and grows on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar, producing blue-green colonies. The MOST significant virulence factor contributing to the severe, cholera-like diarrhea caused by this organism is:
A. Cholera toxin (CT)-like enterotoxin
B. Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)
C. Heat-labile toxin (LT)
D. Type III secretion system (T3SS)
正解：A

質問 7：
What is considered the "gold standard" for routine monitoring of the lethality of steam sterilization (autoclave) cycles in healthcare facilities?
A. Performing a Bowie-Dick test at the beginning of each day for pre-vacuum sterilizers.
B. Regular use of biological indicators containing spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus.
C. Use of chemical indicator strips placed inside each sterilized pack.
D. Daily check of autoclave cycle printouts for correct time, temperature, and pressure.
正解：B

質問 8：
A patient with HIV infection and a CD4+ T-cell count of 30 cells/µL develops progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The causative agent of PML is:
A. JC virus (JCV)
B. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)
C. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
D. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
正解：A