Admission Test GRE-Verbal 問題集

質問 1：
The origin of the attempt to distinguish early from modern music and to establish the canons of
performance practice for each lies in the eighteenth century. In the first half of that century, when
Telemann and Bach ran the collegium musicum in Leipzig, Germany, they performed their own and other
modern music. In the German universities of the early twentieth century, however, the reconstituted
collegium musicum devoted itself to performing music from the centuries before the beginning of the
"standard repertory," by which was understood music from before the time of Bach and Handel. Alongside
this modern collegium musicum, German musicologists developed the historical sub-discipline known as
"performance practice," which included the deciphering of obsolete musical notation and its transcription
into modern notation, the study of obsolete instruments, and the re-establishment of lost oral traditions
associated with those forgotten repertories. The cutoff date for this study was understood to be around
1 750, the year of Bach's death, since the music of Bach, Handel, Telemann and their contemporaries did
call for obsolete instruments and voices and unannotated performing traditions-for instance, the
spontaneous realization of vocal and instrumental melodic ornamentation. Furthermore, with a few
exceptions, late baroque music had ceased to be performed for nearly a century, and the orally
transmitted performing traditions associated with it were forgotten as a result. In contrast, the notation in
the music of Haydn and Mozart from the second half of the eighteenth century was more complete than in
the earlier styles, and the instruments seemed familiar, so no "special" knowledge appeared necessary.
Also, the music of Haydn and Mozart, having never ceased to be performed, had maintained some kind of
oral tradition of performance practice. Beginning around 1960, however, early-music performers began to
encroach upon the music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Why? Scholars studying performance
practice had discovered that the living oral traditions associated with the Viennese classics frequently
could not be traced to the eighteenth century and that there were nearly as many performance mysteries
to solve for music after 1750 as for earlier repertories. Furthermore, more and more young singers and
instrumentalists became attracted to early music, and as many of them graduated from student- amateur
to professional status, the technical level of early-music performances took a giant leap forward. As
professional early-music groups, building on these developments, expanded their repertories to include
later music, the mainstream protested vehemently. The differences between the two camps extended
beyond the question of which instruments to use to the more critical matter of style and delivery. At the
heart of their disagreement is whether historical knowledge about performing traditions is a prerequisite
for proper interpretation of music or whether it merely creates an obstacle to inspired musical tradition.
It can be inferred from the passage that the "standard repertory" mentioned in line 15 might have included
music that was written
A. during the early twentieth century
B. by the performance-practice composers
C. before 1700
D. to be played using obsolete instruments
E. before the time of Handel
正解：D
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 2：
"Old woman," grumbled the burly white man who had just heard Sojourner Truth speak, "do you think your
talk about slavery does any good? I don't care any more for your talk than I do for the bite of a flea." The
tall, imposing black woman turned her piercing eyes on him. "Perhaps not," she answered, "but I'll keep
you scratching." The little incident of the 1840s sums up all that Sojourner Truth was: utterly dedicated to
spreading her message, afraid of no one, forceful and witty in speech. Yet forty years earlier, who could
have suspected that a spindly slave girl growing up in a damp cellar in upstate New York would become
one of the most remarkable women in American history? Her name then was Isabella (many slaves had
no last names), and by the time she was fourteen she had seen both parents die of cold and hunger. She
herself had been sold several times. By 1827, when New York freed its slaves, she had married and
borne five children. The first hint of Isabella's fighting spirit came soon afterwards, when her youngest son
was illegally seized and sold. She marched to the courthouse and badgered officials until her son was
returned to her. In 1843, inspired by religion, she changed her name to Sojourner (meaning "one who
stays briefly") Truth, and, with only pennies in her purse, set out to preach against slavery. From New
England to Minnesota she trekked, gaining a reputation for her plain but powerful and moving words.
Incredibly, despite being black and female (only white males were expected to be public speakers), she
drew thousands to town halls, tents, and churches to hear her powerful, deep-voiced pleas on equality for
blacks-and for women. Often she had to face threatening hoodlums. Once she stood before armed bullies
and sang a hymn to them. Awed by her courage and her commanding presence, they sheepishly
retreated. During the Civil War she cared for homeless ex-slaves in Washington. President Lincoln invited
her to the White House to bestow praise on her. Later, she petitioned Congress to help former slaves get
land in the West. Even in her old age, she forced the city of Washington to integrate its trolley cars so that
black and white could ride together. Shortly before her death at eighty-six, she was asked what kept her
going. "I think of the great things," replied Sojourner.
Isabella lost both parents by the time she was-
A. fourteen
B. seven
C. twenty-seven
D. nineteen
E. two
正解：A

質問 3：
CLOISTERED:
A. extraverted
B. savvy
C. extrapolated
D. dispersed
E. gregarious
正解：E
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 4：
WALK : AMBLE ::
A. jog : trot
B. run : jump
C. disperse : leave
D. play : rest
E. work : tinker
正解：E
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 5：
Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband, Pierre,
she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium and other
radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to unlock the secrets of the
atom. Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the
early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for learning
prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled, however, when she
learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women.
Determined to receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a
French university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics. Marie was fortunate to
have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her day, one of whom was Pierre
Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in
1 895 and spent many productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they
discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in
1 906. Marie was stunned by this horrible misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. espondently she
recalled their close relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she
had two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress. Curie's feeling of desolation
finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as a physics professor at the
Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the world-famous university. In 1911
she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a
fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she never became disillusioned about her work.
Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of
the physical world.
Even though she became fatally ill from working with radium, Marie Curie was never ____.
A. sorrowful
B. disturbed
C. worried
D. disappointed
E. troubled
正解：D

質問 6：
A certain strain of bacteria called lyngbya majuscula, an ancient ancestor of modern-day algae, is making
a comeback in ocean waters just off the world's most industrialized coastal regions. This primitive bacteria
has survived for nearly three billion years due to a variety of survival mechanisms. It can produce its own
fertilizer by pulling nitrogen out of the air; it relies on a different spectrum of light than algae do, allowing it
to thrive even in deep, murky waters; and when it dies and decays, it releases its own nitrogen and
phosphorous, on which the next generation of lyngbya feeds. Lyngbya emits more than one hundred
different toxins harmful to other ocean life as well as to humans. Commercial fishermen and divers who
come in contact with the bacteria frequently complain of skin rashes and respiratory problems, which can
keep these workers off the job for months at a time. The bacteria further disrupts local economies by
blocking sunlight to sea grasses that attract fish and other sea life. Scientists attribute the modern-day
reappearance of lyngbya, and the resulting problems, chiefly to nitrogen- and phosphorous-rich sewage
partially processed at wastewater treatment plants and pumped into rivers that feed coastal ocean waters.
The passage as a whole can appropriately be viewed as an examination of which of the following?
A. The ecological fallout resulting from coastal sewage runoff
B. The possible means of halting and reversing the spread of lyngbya
C. The economic impact of lyngbya on certain coastal communities
D. The survival mechanisms and life cycle of lyngbya
E. The causes and consequences of the re-emergence of lyngbya
正解：E
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)

質問 7：
Since her older sister's _______ academic record had gained her admission to a highly respected college,
Martha became commensurately _______, hoping to secure admission a top-rated university.
A. perfunctory . . hard-working
B. exemplary . . optimistic
C. laudable . . ambitious
D. impeccable . . studious
E. salutary . . diligent
正解：D
解説: (Topexam メンバーにのみ表示されます)